Friday, June 26, 2015

Betondorp: a planned community, Brink Square






From the Middenweg (literally the road through the centre of the polder) the Tuindorp Watergraafsmeer presents itself with typical 1920s architecture in brick with pitched tiled roofs. The corners are emphasised in the design by raising the roofline, using a hipped roof and including a loggia underneath the box gutter.



The brick buildings designed by Versteeg comprise of both family housing and apartments, but always in a semirural architectural envelop. The blocks with terraced housing (left) are most often shorter than those with apartments. Sets of double front doors give access to duplexes of a garden apartment and a double storey apartment above.



From the Brinkstraat the central Brink square is accessed through two gates. In the area between the two gates some small-scale business premises are located just behind the shops on the garden square beyond. We have now entered "Betondorp" with its buildings constructed of concrete.



The corners of the streets that run off the "central" garden square are emphasised in the architecture by the use of a greater building height thus creating "towers", as seen on the left. The central axis of the Brinkstraat enters the garden square via a low gate between shops (right). The wings of the block follow the direction of the diagonal streets on each corner of the Brink.



Another winged block of shops with apartments above, positioned opposite the block with the gate. The upper storey has been set back to visually lower the building and decrease the perceived building mass.



The housing on one side of the Brink square is 3 storeys high and employs the same device to decrease the perceives scale of the block by incorporating a setback in the design. The block (shown on the left) has great sculptural quality and rhythm by the high partition walls crowned with an ornamental beam. The bright red doors are a nice touch! The same red colour appears in the door to the Volksgebouw (literally: people's building). Also note the ornamental use of black and white glazed tiles.



On the other side of the garden square a gallery linking two community buildings (the Volksgebouw and the Library) gives a glimpse of the garden court beyond. Thus the fourth edge of the garden square is set back and the garden motif is duplicated.



Through the gallery the terraced housing beyond is visible across the garden. The gallery itself has been carefully designed to emphasise the shape of the central square without being a hard edge to it. The sides that link it to the two communal building sit at an 45 degree angle, creating a winged outline reminiscent of the rows of shops.



The gallery separates the garden court of the housing (only here with a pitched roof!) from the garden square, but also links the two visually. Practically the gallery forms the boundary of the housing and provides a sense of security and privacy.



The corners are again emphasised by higher buildings. The Leeszaal (shown on the right) is the library was included in the garden village to elevate the working classes. It is a carefully designed massing of squared of volumes with a tower-like chimney. The building opposite the Volksgebouw also had a tower, this time with a clock. As no church was included in this socialist scheme a separate provision had to be made for showing the time.



From one of the diagonal streets the central square presents itself as a small park with large trees. The greenery contrasts nicely with the off-white cube-shaped buildings of Betondorp. The effectiveness of the greater building height on the corners is clearly visible.

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